The wind turbines are always aligned so as to face the direction of the wind, an alignment that is made possible by an anemometer installed in the turbine to determine the wind direction and by motors that make the nacelle turn toward the direction of the wind according to the indications provided by the data from the anemometer.
The figure represents the profile of a wind turbine blade on the horizontal axis, which is similar to an airplane wing. When the wind blows, the wind turbine blade’s geometry forces the flow of air to change direction along the surface, creating a difference in pressure, resulting in aerodynamic forces on the blade structure that unleash torque, making the blade spin. As the wind speed is not constant, the turbine is designed to operate within a specific operational velocity range, and the pitch potential control system ensures that the maximum speed able to be supported is never exceeded so as to guarantee that there are never overloads or undue wear of the equipment.